Even after decades of groundbreaking research, the human brain remains only partially understood. Fundamental questions persist about consciousness, cognition, memory, and neural plasticity. As neuroscience integrates with fields like AI and genetics, we continue to uncover new mysteries rather than final answers.

The advent of 3D printing technologies has enabled scientists to design and create complex, customized devices for use in experimental settings.

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Neuronline is a member-focused resource site for learning and discussion, where neuroscientists at all career stages can share great science, forge collaborations, and reflect on what's happening in the field of neuroscience.

In this installment of the Careers in Neuroscience series, meet Hugo Sánchez-Castillo, PhD, a researcher and professor at National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Read on to learn about what drove his passion for science, how he incorporates his diverse background as a researcher and professor, and the importance of curiosity in science.

In this episode, Hannah Lichtenstein and Mikayla Kendall describe their mentoring relationship, covering how they navigated busy and ever-changing undergraduate schedules and diverse learning styles, as well as the power of “mentoring up” and asking for help.

Naomi Charalambakis, PhD, is the director of communications and science policy for Americans for Medical Progress (AMP), a nonprofit advocacy organization made up of subject-matter experts that develops and provides public education programs and policy recommendations to strengthen support for and demonstrate the value of animal research. Charalambakis monitors anti-research campaigns, develops written response materials for various stakeholders, observes Capitol Hill and federal agency developments, and builds partnerships with other advocacy groups to ensure a strong, unified voice in support of animal research. Charalambakis graduated with her doctorate in anatomical sciences and neurobiology from the University of Louisville School of Medicine in 2018 and worked at the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) for six years before arriving at AMP in September 2024.

“Ultimately, the investigation of prefrontal cortex function is fundamentally an effort to understand prefrontal computations” (Narayanan, et al. 2025).

Science policy and communication are more important than ever. In this next installment of Neuronline’s Careers in Neuroscience series, hear from Naomi Charalambakis, PhD, director of communications and science policy at Americans for Medical Progress. Learn about how she draws upon her neuroscience training to communicate effectively with nonscientific audiences and advocate for biomedical research and what qualities you may need for a similar career path.

Federal research funding is essential for advancing science, improving patient care, and sustaining the future of neuroscience and neurology. Yet, the appropriations process that determines this funding can be complex and unpredictable. Meaningful and effective engagement requires strong, coordinated advocacy.